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lang: en

QC Report — Grounding & Citation Integrity

Stand: 2026-07-01

Generated by scripts_build/qc_check.py. Enforces Prompt 0-QC’s anti-hallucination rules: a [source:] marker only counts if the source has RAW-backed text. status: established requires grounding: primary

• verified: <date> + every listed source cited.

Corpus summary

• Pages audited: 229
• FAILs: 0
• WARNs: 0

Grounding histogram

• primary: 226
• secondary: 0
• unverified: 3

Issue counts

Per-page results (worst first)

350-trainings

• INFO coverage — 100% (1/1 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

accionar-io

• INFO coverage — 100% (3/3 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

action-network

• INFO coverage — 100% (2/2 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

actipedia

• INFO coverage — 100% (1/1 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

activist-handbook

• INFO coverage — 100% (4/4 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

adveritas

• INFO coverage — 100% (3/3 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

ae-ic

• INFO coverage — 100% (2/2 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

aeinstein

• INFO coverage — 100% (4/4 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

affinity-groups

• INFO coverage — 50% (1/2 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

after-action-review

• INFO coverage — 67% (2/3 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

ala-frontline

• INFO coverage — 100% (3/3 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

alinsky-fr

• INFO coverage — 0% (0/2 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

alliance-citoyenne

• INFO coverage — 50% (1/2 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

alliance-for-justice

• INFO coverage — 100% (4/4 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

alliance-sud

• INFO coverage — 100% (3/3 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

amadeu-antonio

• INFO coverage — 100% (4/4 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

amnesty-fr

• INFO coverage — 100% (3/3 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

aorta

• INFO coverage — 100% (3/3 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

apaics

• INFO coverage — 100% (3/3 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

artful-activism

• INFO coverage — 100% (1/1 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

attac-fr

• INFO coverage — 100% (1/1 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

audience-segmentation

• INFO coverage — 67% (6/9 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

aula-abierta

• INFO coverage — 100% (4/4 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

ballotpedia

• INFO coverage — 100% (3/3 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — unverified

beautiful-rising

• INFO coverage — 0% (0/1 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — unverified

beautiful-trouble

• INFO coverage — 100% (1/1 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

beautiful-trouble-toolbox

• INFO coverage — 100% (1/1 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

betterevaluation

• INFO coverage — 80% (4/5 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

bewegungsakademie

• INFO coverage — 100% (3/3 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

bill-moyer

• INFO coverage — 50% (1/2 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

blueprints-for-change

• INFO coverage — 100% (3/3 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

bnf-web-electoral

• INFO coverage — 100% (3/3 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

bond-uk

• INFO coverage — 100% (3/3 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

boycotts-and-strikes

• INFO coverage — 50% (1/2 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

bpb

• INFO coverage — 100% (3/3 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

bridge-electoral

• INFO coverage — 100% (3/3 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

budget-and-controlling

• INFO coverage — 83% (5/6 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

buergerbegehren

• INFO coverage — 50% (1/2 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

bundeswahlleiter

• INFO coverage — 100% (3/3 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

c-politique

• INFO coverage — 100% (3/3 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

campact

• INFO coverage — 100% (3/3 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

campaign-planning

• INFO coverage — 100% (4/4 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

campaign-project-management

• INFO coverage — 60% (3/5 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

campaign-strategy-rose

• INFO coverage — 67% (2/3 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

campaigning-academy

• INFO coverage — 100% (3/3 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

campaigns-vs-movements

• INFO coverage — 50% (1/2 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

campax

• INFO coverage — 100% (4/4 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

canvas

• INFO coverage — 100% (1/1 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

canvas-ad-school

• INFO coverage — 100% (3/3 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

celag

• INFO coverage — 100% (3/3 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

center-for-theory-of-change

• INFO coverage — 83% (5/6 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

centres-sociaux

• INFO coverage — 100% (3/3 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

cevipof

• INFO coverage — 100% (3/3 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

change-org-es

• INFO coverage — 100% (3/3 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

charity-political-activity

• INFO coverage — 100% (1/1 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

chris-rose

• INFO coverage — 67% (2/3 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

cidob

• INFO coverage — 100% (2/2 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

citizen-lobbying

• INFO coverage — 50% (1/2 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

ciudadania-inteligente

• INFO coverage — 100% (3/3 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

civic-tech

• INFO coverage — 50% (1/2 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

civic-tech-field-guide

• INFO coverage — 100% (4/4 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

civicus

• INFO coverage — 100% (2/2 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

civil-resistance

• INFO coverage — 67% (2/3 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

civil-resistance-2-0

• INFO coverage — 100% (1/1 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

civil-resistance-tactics-21c

• INFO coverage — 100% (1/1 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

clg-europe

• INFO coverage — 100% (3/3 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

cnccfp

• INFO coverage — 100% (4/4 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

coalition-building

• INFO coverage — 50% (1/2 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

common-cause-foundation

• INFO coverage — 80% (4/5 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

commons-198-methods

• INFO coverage — 100% (3/3 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

commons-library

• INFO coverage — 100% (1/1 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

commons-tactics-toolkit

• INFO coverage — 100% (4/4 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

community-tool-box

• INFO coverage — 100% (3/3 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

constructive-programme

• INFO coverage — 33% (1/3 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

correctiv

• INFO coverage — 100% (3/3 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

critical-path

• INFO coverage — 75% (3/4 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

cross-sector-coalitions

• INFO coverage — 100% (1/1 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

data-protection-gdpr

• INFO coverage — 100% (1/1 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

daubanes-ngo-activism

• INFO coverage — 33% (1/3 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

desinformation-niedersachsen

• INFO coverage — 100% (5/5 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

dezim

• INFO coverage — 100% (1/1 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

digital-library-nonviolent-resistance

• INFO coverage — 100% (4/4 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

digital-security

• INFO coverage — 33% (1/3 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

digitalcourage

• INFO coverage — 100% (4/4 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

dilemma-actions

• INFO coverage — 50% (1/2 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

discuss-data-civil-resistance

• INFO coverage — 100% (3/3 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

distributed-organizing

• INFO coverage — 50% (1/2 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

do-or-die

• INFO coverage — 50% (1/2 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

electoral-system-design

• INFO coverage — 100% (1/1 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

escalation

• INFO coverage — 50% (1/2 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

evaluation

• INFO coverage — 75% (3/4 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

factcheck-org

• INFO coverage — 100% (4/4 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

fec-trainings

• INFO coverage — 100% (3/3 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

fes

• INFO coverage — 100% (3/3 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

financial-controlling

• INFO coverage — 50% (1/2 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

fivethirtyeight

• INFO coverage — 100% (1/1 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

fjsb

• INFO coverage — 100% (4/4 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

force-field-analysis

• INFO coverage — 100% (4/4 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

frameworks-institute

• INFO coverage — 80% (4/5 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

framing-and-narrative

• INFO coverage — 50% (1/2 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

fundacion-alternativas

• INFO coverage — 100% (2/2 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

gef-campaign-handbook

• INFO coverage — 100% (2/2 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

global-nonviolent-db

• INFO coverage — 0% (0/1 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — unverified

governance

• INFO coverage — 80% (4/5 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

grassroots-fundraising

• INFO coverage — 100% (1/1 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

guide-campagne-electorale

• INFO coverage — 100% (3/3 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

handbuch-community-organizing

• INFO coverage — 100% (2/2 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

hateaid

• INFO coverage — 100% (3/3 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

icnc

• INFO coverage — 50% (1/2 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

idea-political-finance

• INFO coverage — 100% (5/5 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

ifes

• INFO coverage — 100% (3/3 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

ifla-advocacy

• INFO coverage — 100% (4/4 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

ifop

• INFO coverage — 100% (4/4 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

incidencia-politica

• INFO coverage — 50% (1/2 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

incidencia-unaids

• INFO coverage — 100% (1/1 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

infoactivismo

• INFO coverage — 100% (4/4 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

international-idea

• INFO coverage — 100% (3/3 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

ipie-genai-campaigns

• INFO coverage — 100% (3/3 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

jean-jaures

• INFO coverage — 100% (4/4 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

journal-political-marketing

• INFO coverage — 100% (3/3 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

justice-et-paix

• INFO coverage — 100% (3/3 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

kampagnenforum

• INFO coverage — 100% (3/3 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

kampajobs

• INFO coverage — 100% (3/3 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

kanban-for-campaigns

• INFO coverage — 50% (2/4 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

keck-sikkink-activists-beyond-borders

• INFO coverage — 100% (2/2 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

kpis-and-dashboards

• INFO coverage — 67% (4/6 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

la-quadrature-du-net

• INFO coverage — 100% (3/3 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

labour-and-union-campaigning

• INFO coverage — 100% (1/1 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

lapop

• INFO coverage — 100% (3/3 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

latinobarometro

• INFO coverage — 100% (3/3 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

le-lab-electoral

• INFO coverage — 100% (3/3 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

leadership-development

• INFO coverage — 50% (1/2 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

leading-change-network

• INFO coverage — 50% (1/2 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

les-decodeurs

• INFO coverage — 100% (2/2 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

lma-idf

• INFO coverage — 100% (3/3 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

maldita

• INFO coverage — 100% (2/2 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

manual-campanas-ongawa

• INFO coverage — 100% (1/1 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

mcalevey-keine-halben-sachen

• INFO coverage — 100% (3/3 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

mehr-demokratie

• INFO coverage — 100% (4/4 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

mehr-demokratie-handbuch

• INFO coverage — 100% (2/2 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

mel-framework

• INFO coverage — 64% (7/11 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

methods-of-nonviolent-action

• INFO coverage — 50% (1/2 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

metta-center

• INFO coverage — 100% (4/4 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

midwest-academy

• INFO coverage — 100% (2/2 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

mit-election-lab

• INFO coverage — 100% (3/3 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

moblab

• INFO coverage — 100% (1/1 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

mouvement-associatif

• INFO coverage — 100% (3/3 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

movement-action-plan

• INFO coverage — 50% (2/4 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

moyer-movement-action-plan

• INFO coverage — 33% (1/3 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

navco

• INFO coverage — 100% (1/1 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

ndi-campaign-skills

• INFO coverage — 100% (1/1 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

new-tactics-in-human-rights

• INFO coverage — 67% (2/3 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

noncooperation

• INFO coverage — 50% (1/2 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

nonviolence-international-tactics

• INFO coverage — 100% (4/4 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

nonviolent-direct-action

• INFO coverage — 67% (2/3 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

nv-database

• INFO coverage — 50% (1/2 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

one-to-ones

• INFO coverage — 50% (1/2 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

opensecrets

• INFO coverage — 100% (3/3 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

organisiert-euch

• INFO coverage — 100% (3/3 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

organizing

• INFO coverage — 100% (6/6 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

otto-brenner

• INFO coverage — 100% (3/3 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

pace-e-bene

• INFO coverage — 100% (3/3 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

party-building

• INFO coverage — 100% (1/1 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

people-power-manual

• INFO coverage — 50% (1/2 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

petitions-and-e-campaigning

• INFO coverage — 50% (1/2 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

pew-elections

• INFO coverage — 100% (4/4 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

pillars-of-support

• INFO coverage — 50% (1/2 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

politicast

• INFO coverage — 100% (3/3 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

politifact

• INFO coverage — 100% (2/2 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

politik-kommunikation

• INFO coverage — 100% (4/4 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

power-and-relational-outcomes

• INFO coverage — 20% (1/5 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

power-mapping

• INFO coverage — 50% (4/8 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

problem-tree

• INFO coverage — 75% (3/4 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

propuesta-ciudadana

• INFO coverage — 100% (3/3 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

protect-the-planet

• INFO coverage — 100% (3/3 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

protest-law-de

• INFO coverage — 100% (1/1 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

protest-law-es

• INFO coverage — 100% (1/1 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

protest-law-fr

• INFO coverage — 100% (1/1 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

public-narrative

• INFO coverage — 50% (1/2 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

react-transnational

• INFO coverage — 100% (4/4 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

recef

• INFO coverage — 100% (3/3 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

research-methods

• INFO coverage — 80% (4/5 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

research4life

• INFO coverage — 100% (4/4 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

resilia-advocacy

• INFO coverage — 50% (1/2 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

reuters-digital-news

• INFO coverage — 100% (3/3 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

ritimo

• INFO coverage — 100% (2/2 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

rosa-luxemburg

• INFO coverage — 100% (3/3 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

routledge-campaigning

• INFO coverage — 100% (4/4 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

seeds-for-change

• INFO coverage — 50% (1/2 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

sfaf-movilizacion

• INFO coverage — 100% (4/4 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

shorenstein

• INFO coverage — 100% (3/3 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

sidaction

• INFO coverage — 100% (2/2 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

sindicato-inquilinas

• INFO coverage — 100% (3/3 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

smart-goals

• INFO coverage — 100% (5/5 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

smk-campaign-training

• INFO coverage — 100% (3/3 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

sortir-du-nucleaire

• INFO coverage — 100% (4/4 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

sos-racisme

• INFO coverage — 100% (2/2 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

sp-schweiz-sektionshandbuch

• INFO coverage — 100% (2/2 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

spectrum-of-allies

• INFO coverage — 50% (1/2 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

stakeholder-analysis

• INFO coverage — 100% (5/5 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

stanford-political-comm

• INFO coverage — 100% (4/4 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

strategic-effectiveness-method

• INFO coverage — 33% (1/3 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

structure-tests

• INFO coverage — 50% (1/2 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

swot-analysis

• INFO coverage — 67% (4/6 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

tactical-tech

• INFO coverage — 100% (1/1 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

tactics4change

• INFO coverage — 100% (3/3 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

terra-nova

• INFO coverage — 100% (3/3 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

the-campaign-cycle

• INFO coverage — 50% (1/2 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

the-tactic-star

• INFO coverage — 67% (2/3 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

the-tactic-star-tool

• INFO coverage — 100% (4/4 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

theory-of-change

• INFO coverage — 67% (4/6 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

theory-of-ngo-activism

• INFO coverage — 33% (2/6 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

three-and-a-half-percent-rule

• INFO coverage — 50% (1/2 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

tipping-points

• INFO coverage — 100% (3/3 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

training-for-change

• INFO coverage — 50% (1/2 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

transnational-advocacy-networks

• INFO coverage — 67% (2/3 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

uniore

• INFO coverage — 100% (4/4 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

upu-c4d

• INFO coverage — 100% (2/2 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

values-based-segmentation

• INFO coverage — 40% (2/5 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

volunteer-management

• INFO coverage — 67% (2/3 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

voteeuropa-gotv

• INFO coverage — 100% (3/3 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

voter-contact-and-gotv

• INFO coverage — 100% (1/1 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

voxpublic

• INFO coverage — 100% (3/3 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

waging-nonviolence

• INFO coverage — 100% (1/1 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

weact

• INFO coverage — 100% (4/4 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

wingu

• INFO coverage — 100% (4/4 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

wire-data

• INFO coverage — 100% (3/3 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

wri-handbook

• INFO coverage — 100% (1/1 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary

wzb

• INFO coverage — 100% (4/4 prose paragraphs)
• INFO grounding — primary